Vegh, Sandor. The media's portrayal of hacking, hackers, and hacktivism before and after September 11
This paper provides a analysis of the mainstream media representation of hackers, hacking, hacktivism, and cyberterrorism. He analyzes five major U.S. newspapers in a one–year period with 9–11 in the middle.
In there he discovered that the discourse is shifting from hacker as criminals to hackers as cyberterrorist and the language of the media blurs the difference between hacktivism and cyberterrorism.
